FIBER NETWORK---NATIONAL LONG DISTANCE
Long distance communication network is deployed so as to connect cities , towns & villages of country.
Initially before deployment of fiber network , this connectivity was limited through SATELLITE communication.
Satellite communications have problem of bandwidth , latency & QoS ( quality of service )
With deployment of fiber by both incumbent & private operators , communication has come to finger tips of individuals ( both fixed line & mobile communications )
A typical network diagram for connecting various cities using RING TOPOLOGY ( fig-9 )
Each city is having intracity network which is connected to backbone network through DXC ( DIGITAL CROSS CONNECTS)…DXC switching takes place at 2mb/s level ( TU-12 ) thus making it convenient to divert traffic as and when required.
Subscribers ( voice,data,video ) are connected to DLC/DSLAM through copper network...DLC/DSLAM diverts traffic to DXC through ADM of intracity rings...cities are connected through multiple fiber rings with ADM ( complete concept is shown in above diagram ).
Fiber rings use DWDM technology with MS-SPRING ( Multiplex section-shared path ring protection ) thus making it 100% redundant.
Long distance network in India is more than 1 million kms ( all operators combined )
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